Posttranslational regulation of photosynthetic activity via the TOR kinase in plants

Author:

D’Alessandro Stefano12ORCID,Velay Florent1ORCID,Lebrun Régine3,Zafirov Delyan1,Mehrez Marwa14,Romand Shanna1ORCID,Saadouni Rim13,Forzani Céline5ORCID,Citerne Sylvie5ORCID,Montané Marie-Hélène1,Robaglia Christophe1ORCID,Menand Benoît1ORCID,Meyer Christian5ORCID,Field Ben1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP Team, 13009 Marseille, France.

2. Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, 10135 Torino, Italy.

3. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Plate-forme Protéomique, Marseille Protéomique (MaP), IMM FR 3479, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.

4. Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.

5. Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.

Abstract

Chloroplasts are the powerhouse of the plant cell, and their activity must be matched to plant growth to avoid photooxidative damage. We have identified a posttranslational mechanism linking the eukaryotic target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase that promotes growth and the guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) signaling pathway of prokaryotic origins that regulates chloroplast activity and photosynthesis in particular. We find that RelA SpoT homolog 3 (RSH3), a nuclear-encoded enzyme responsible for ppGpp biosynthesis, interacts directly with the TOR complex via a plant-specific amino-terminal region which is phosphorylated in a TOR-dependent manner. Down-regulating TOR activity causes a rapid increase in ppGpp synthesis in RSH3 overexpressors and reduces photosynthetic capacity in an RSH-dependent manner in wild-type plants. The TOR-RSH3 signaling axis therefore regulates the equilibrium between chloroplast activity and plant growth, setting a precedent for the regulation of organellar function by TOR.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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