1. Key Laboratory of Polar Atmosphere-ocean-ice System for Weather and Climate, Ministry of Education, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
2. Key Laboratory for Polar Science of the MNR, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China.
3. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.