Rare earth elements from waste

Author:

Deng Bing1ORCID,Wang Xin2ORCID,Luong Duy Xuan1ORCID,Carter Robert A.1ORCID,Wang Zhe1,Tomson Mason B.2,Tour James M.134ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.

2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.

3. Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.

4. Smalley-Curl Institute, NanoCarbon Center and the Welch Institute for Advanced Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.

Abstract

Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical materials in electronics and clean technologies. With the diminishing of easily accessible minerals for mining, the REE recovery from waste is an alternative toward a circular economy. Present methods for REE recovery suffer from lengthy purifications, low extractability, and high wastewater streams. Here, we report an ultrafast electrothermal process (~3000°C, ~1 s) based on flash Joule heating (FJH) for activating wastes to improve REE extractability. FJH thermally degrades or reduces the hard-to-dissolve REE species to components with high thermodynamic solubility, leading to ~2× increase in leachability and high recovery yields using diluted acid (e.g., 0.1 M HCl). The activation strategy is feasible for various wastes including coal fly ash, bauxite residue, and electronic waste. The rapid FJH process is energy-efficient with a low electrical energy consumption of 600 kWh ton −1 . The potential for this route to be rapidly scaled is outlined.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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