1. Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier-CNRS-IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France.
2. Centre of Research in Ecology and Evolution of Diseases (CREES), Montpellier, France.
3. Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.
4. Service de Parasitologie-mycologie CNR du Paludisme, AP-HP Hôpital Bichat, 46 rue H. Huchard, 75877 Paris Cedex 18, France.
5. Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, PO Box 11103 CC, Groningen, Netherlands.