Guns, germs, and trees determine density and distribution of gorillas and chimpanzees in Western Equatorial Africa-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Guns, germs, and trees determine density and distribution of gorillas and chimpanzees in Western Equatorial Africa

Published:2018-04-06 Issue:4 Volume:4 Page:
ISSN:2375-2548
Container-title:Science Advances
language:en
Short-container-title:Sci. Adv.

Author:

Strindberg Samantha¹^ORCID,Maisels Fiona¹²^ORCID,Williamson Elizabeth A.²^ORCID,Blake Stephen¹³,Stokes Emma J.¹,Aba’a Rostand¹,Abitsi Gaspard¹,Agbor Anthony⁴⁵,Ambahe Ruffin D.¹,Bakabana Parfait C.¹,Bechem Martha¹⁶,Berlemont Antoine⁵,Bokoto de Semboli Bruno⁷,Boundja Patrick R.¹,Bout Nicolas¹^ORCID,Breuer Thomas¹^ORCID,Campbell Genevieve⁴,De Wachter Pauwel⁷,Ella Akou Marc⁷,Esono Mba Fidel⁸,Feistner Anna T. C.⁷,Fosso Bernard¹,Fotso Roger¹,Greer David⁷,Inkamba-Nkulu Clement¹,Iyenguet Calixte F.¹,Jeffery Kathryn J.²,Kokangoye Max¹,Kühl Hjalmar S.⁴⁹^ORCID,Latour Stephanie¹¹⁰^ORCID,Madzoke Bola¹,Makoumbou Calixte¹,Malanda Guy-Aimé F.¹,Malonga Richard¹,Mbolo Victor⁷,Morgan David B.¹¹¹,Motsaba Prosper¹,Moukala Gabin¹,Mowawa Brice S.¹,Murai Mizuki⁴⁵^ORCID,Ndzai Christian¹,Nishihara Tomoaki¹,Nzooh Zacharie⁷,Pintea Lilian¹⁰,Pokempner Amy¹^ORCID,Rainey Hugo J.¹,Rayden Tim¹,Ruffler Heidi⁵^ORCID,Sanz Crickette M.¹¹²,Todd Angelique⁷^ORCID,Vanleeuwe Hilde¹,Vosper Ashley¹,Warren Ymke¹,Wilkie David S.¹

Affiliation:

1. Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA.

2. Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.

3. Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Macelwane Hall, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.

4. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

5. Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA.

6. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)–Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE), MIKE Subregional Office, Yaoundé, BP 5506, Cameroon.

7. World Wildlife Fund International, Regional Office for Africa, BP 6776 Yaoundé, Cameroon.

8. Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Forestal y Gestión del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, Bata, Equatorial Guinea.

9. Robert Bosch Junior Professor, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Leipzig-Jena, Leipzig, Germany.

10. The Jane Goodall Institute, 1595 Spring Hill Road, Suite 550, Vienna, VA 22182, USA.

11. Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 North Clark Street, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.

12. Department of Anthropology, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.

Abstract

We quantify the impacts of poaching, Ebola, and habitat degradation on western lowland gorillas and central chimpanzees.

Funder

United States Agency for International Development

World Bank Group

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

Wildlife Conservation Society

Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation

Columbus Zoo and Aquarium

Conservation International

Liz Claiborne Art Ortenberg Foundation

Global Environment Facility

European Union

Arcus Foundation

United States Fish and Wildlife Service

Agence Française de Développement

CITES Monitoring of the Illegal Killing of Elephants

European Union Espèces Phares

Fondation Odzala-Kokoua

Foundation for Environment and Development in Cameroon

Jane Goodall Institute

Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

Programme de Conservation et Utilisation Rationale des Ecosystèmes Forestiers en Afrique Centrale

Spain-UNEP Lifeweb

The Aspinall Foundation

Total

World Wide Fund for Nature

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference53 articles.

1. IUCN Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Western Lowland Gorillas and Central Chimpanzees 2015-2025 (IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group 2014).

2. IUCN IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017.3; http://www.iucnredlist.org/.

3. Will oil palm’s homecoming spell doom for Africa’s great apes?;Wich S. A.;Curr. Biol.,2014

4. Estimating the environmental costs of Africa’s massive “development corridors”;Laurance W. F.;Curr. Biol.,2015

5. J. Mackinnon C. Aveling R. C. D. Olivier M. Murray C. Paolini Larger Than Elephants: Inputs for the Design of a Wildlife Conservation Strategy for Africa. A Regional Analysis (Publications Office of the European Union 2016).

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