Reviving degraded colors of yellow flowers in 17th century still life paintings with macro- and microscale chemical imaging

Author:

De Keyser Nouchka1234ORCID,Broers Fréderique1245ORCID,Vanmeert Frederik16ORCID,De Meyer Steven1ORCID,Gabrieli Francesca2ORCID,Hermens Erma27ORCID,Van der Snickt Geert13ORCID,Janssens Koen123ORCID,Keune Katrien24ORCID

Affiliation:

1. University of Antwerp, Department of Physics, AXIS Research Group, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2010 Antwerp, Belgium.

2. Rijksmuseum, Museumstraat 1, Amsterdam, 1070 DN, Netherlands.

3. University of Antwerp, Faculty of Design Sciences, ARCHES Research Group, Mutsaardstraat 31, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium.

4. University of Amsterdam, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, 1090GD Amsterdam, Netherlands.

5. Utrecht University, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands.

6. Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, Laboratories, Jubelpark 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.

7. University of Amsterdam, Art History Department, Turfdraagsterpad 15-17, 1012XT Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Abstract

Over time, artist pigments are prone to degradation, which can decrease the readability of the artwork or notably change the artist’s intention. In this article, the visual implication of secondary degradation products in a degraded yellow rose in a still life painting by A. Mignon is discussed as a case study. A multimodal combination of chemical and optical imaging techniques, including noninvasive macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) and macroscopic x-ray fluorescence imaging, allowed us to gain a 3D understanding of the transformation of the original intended appearance of the rose into its current degraded state. MA-XRPD enabled us to precisely correlate in situ formed products with what is optically visible on the surface and demonstrated that the precipitated lead arsenates and arsenolite from the yellow pigment orpiment and the light-induced fading of an organic yellow lake irreversibly changed the artist’s intentional light-shadow modeling.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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