1. Institute of Arctic Climate and Environmental Research, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan.
2. Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
3. Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
4. Department of Biology, College of Science United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
5. International Arctic Research Center and College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 930 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.
6. Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, Helsinki, Finland.
7. Faculty of Software and Information Technology, Aomori University, Aomori, Japan.
8. International Arctic Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
9. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, Canada.