Cenozoic megatooth sharks occupied extremely high trophic positions-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Cenozoic megatooth sharks occupied extremely high trophic positions

Published:2022-06-24 Issue:25 Volume:8 Page:
ISSN:2375-2548
Container-title:Science Advances
language:en
Short-container-title:Sci. Adv.

Author:

Kast Emma R.¹²^ORCID,Griffiths Michael L.³^ORCID,Kim Sora L.⁴^ORCID,Rao Zixuan C.¹,Shimada Kenshu⁵⁶⁷^ORCID,Becker Martin A.³^ORCID,Maisch Harry M.⁸^ORCID,Eagle Robert A.⁹^ORCID,Clarke Chelesia A.³^ORCID,Neumann Allison N.³^ORCID,Karnes Molly E.⁴^ORCID,Lüdecke Tina¹⁰¹¹^ORCID,Leichliter Jennifer N.¹⁰¹²^ORCID,Martínez-García Alfredo¹³^ORCID,Akhtar Alliya A.¹,Wang Xingchen T.¹⁴,Haug Gerald H.¹³¹⁵^ORCID,Sigman Daniel M.¹^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB23EQ, UK.

3. Department of Environmental Science, William Paterson University of New Jersey, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA.

4. Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.

5. Department of Environmental Science and Studies, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.

6. Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.

7. Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS 67601, USA.

8. Department of Marine and Earth Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA.

9. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

10. Emmy Noether Group for Hominin Meat Consumption, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

11. Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany.

12. Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Geosciences, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

13. Department of Climate Geochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

14. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.

15. Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.

Abstract

Trophic position is a fundamental characteristic of animals, yet it is unknown in many extinct species. In this study, we ground-truth the 15 N/ 14 N ratio of enameloid-bound organic matter (δ 15 N EB ) as a trophic level proxy by comparison to dentin collagen δ 15 N and apply this method to the fossil record to reconstruct the trophic level of the megatooth sharks (genus Otodus ). These sharks evolved in the Cenozoic, culminating in Otodus megalodon , a shark with a maximum body size of more than 15 m, which went extinct 3.5 million years ago. Very high δ 15 N EB values (22.9 ± 4.4‰) of O. megalodon from the Miocene and Pliocene show that it occupied a higher trophic level than is known for any marine species, extinct or extant. δ 15 N EB also indicates a dietary shift in sharks of the megatooth lineage as they evolved toward the gigantic O. megalodon , with the highest trophic level apparently reached earlier than peak size.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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