Genome and life-history evolution link bird diversification to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction

Author:

Berv Jacob S.123ORCID,Singhal Sonal4,Field Daniel J.56ORCID,Walker-Hale Nathanael7,McHugh Sean W.8ORCID,Shipley J. Ryan9ORCID,Miller Eliot T.10ORCID,Kimball Rebecca T.11ORCID,Braun Edward L.11ORCID,Dornburg Alex12ORCID,Parins-Fukuchi C. Tomomi13ORCID,Prum Richard O.1415ORCID,Winger Benjamin M.13ORCID,Friedman Matt216ORCID,Smith Stephen A.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Avenue, Biological Sciences Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

2. Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Avenue, Biological Sciences Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

3. Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Avenue, Biological Sciences Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

4. Department of Biology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA.

5. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK.

6. Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.

7. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.

8. Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Population Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.

9. Department of Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.

10. Center for Avian Population Studies, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.

11. Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

12. Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.

13. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada.

14. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

15. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

16. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, 1100 North University Avenue, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Abstract

Complex patterns of genome evolution associated with the end-Cretaceous [Cretaceous-Paleogene (K–Pg)] mass extinction limit our understanding of the early evolutionary history of modern birds. Here, we analyzed patterns of avian molecular evolution and identified distinct macroevolutionary regimes across exons, introns, untranslated regions, and mitochondrial genomes. Bird clades originating near the K–Pg boundary exhibited numerous shifts in the mode of molecular evolution, suggesting a burst of genomic heterogeneity at this point in Earth’s history. These inferred shifts in substitution patterns were closely related to evolutionary shifts in developmental mode, adult body mass, and patterns of metabolic scaling. Our results suggest that the end-Cretaceous mass extinction triggered integrated patterns of evolution across avian genomes, physiology, and life history near the dawn of the modern bird radiation.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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