Early human lung immune cell development and its role in epithelial cell fate

Author:

Barnes Josephine L.1ORCID,Yoshida Masahiro12ORCID,He Peng34ORCID,Worlock Kaylee B.1,Lindeboom Rik G.H.35ORCID,Suo Chenqu3ORCID,Pett J. Patrick3ORCID,Wilbrey-Clark Anna3ORCID,Dann Emma3ORCID,Mamanova Lira36ORCID,Richardson Laura3ORCID,Polanski Krzysztof3ORCID,Pennycuick Adam1ORCID,Allen-Hyttinen Jessica1ORCID,Herczeg Iván T.1ORCID,Arzili Romina1ORCID,Hynds Robert E.78ORCID,Teixeira Vitor H.1ORCID,Haniffa Muzlifah3910ORCID,Lim Kyungtae1112ORCID,Sun Dawei11ORCID,Rawlins Emma L.11ORCID,Oliver Amanda J.3ORCID,Lyons Paul A.1314ORCID,Marioni John C.3415ORCID,Ruhrberg Christiana16ORCID,Tuong Zewen Kelvin31317ORCID,Clatworthy Menna R.313ORCID,Reading James L.818ORCID,Janes Sam M.1819ORCID,Teichmann Sarah A.31020ORCID,Meyer Kerstin B.3ORCID,Nikolić Marko Z.119ORCID

Affiliation:

1. UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.

2. Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

3. Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.

4. European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.

5. Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

6. Enhanc3D Genomics Ltd, Cambridge, UK.

7. Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.

8. CRUK Lung Cancer Centre Of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.

9. Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

10. Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

11. Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

12. Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

13. Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.

14. Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.

15. CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

16. UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.

17. Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

18. Tumour Immunodynamics and Interception Laboratory, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.

19. University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

20. Department of Physics/Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Abstract

Studies of human lung development have focused on epithelial and mesenchymal cell types and function, but much less is known about the developing lung immune cells, even though the airways are a major site of mucosal immunity after birth. An unanswered question is whether tissue-resident immune cells play a role in shaping the tissue as it develops in utero. Here, we profiled human embryonic and fetal lung immune cells using scRNA-seq, smFISH, and immunohistochemistry. At the embryonic stage, we observed an early wave of innate immune cells, including innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, myeloid cells, and lineage progenitors. By the canalicular stage, we detected naive T lymphocytes expressing high levels of cytotoxicity genes and the presence of mature B lymphocytes, including B-1 cells. Our analysis suggests that fetal lungs provide a niche for full B cell maturation. Given the presence and diversity of immune cells during development, we also investigated their possible effect on epithelial maturation. We found that IL-1β drives epithelial progenitor exit from self-renewal and differentiation to basal cells in vitro. In vivo, IL-1β–producing myeloid cells were found throughout the lung and adjacent to epithelial tips, suggesting that immune cells may direct human lung epithelial development.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

General Medicine,Immunology

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