1. Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
2. Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
3. Office of International Affairs, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
4. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
5. Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
6. Marine Biophysics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
7. Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.