Trait-mediated trophic cascade creates enemy-free space for nesting hummingbirds

Author:

Greeney Harold F.123,Meneses M. Rocio4,Hamilton Chris E.5,Lichter-Marck Eli1ORCID,Mannan R. William3ORCID,Snyder Noel6,Snyder Helen6ORCID,Wethington Susan M.4,Dyer Lee A.2

Affiliation:

1. Yanayacu Biological Station & Center for Creative Studies, Cosanga, Napo, Ecuador.

2. Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.

3. Department of Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

4. Hummingbird Monitoring Network, P.O. Box 115, Patagonia, AZ 85624, USA.

5. Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada.

6. P.O. Box 16426, Portal, AZ 85632, USA.

Abstract

The presence of hawks at their nests alters the foraging height of predatory jays, creating a safe nesting area for hummingbirds.

Funder

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference66 articles.

1. T. Ohgushi O. J. Schmitz R. D. Holt Trait-Mediated Indirect Interactions (Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge 2012).

2. Reappraisal of the role of big, fierce predators!;Ale S. B.;Biodiversity Conserv.,2008

3. The physiology/life-history nexus;Ricklefs R. E.;Trends Ecol. Evol.,2002

4. L. A. Dyer The ecology of tri-trophic interactions in the tropics in Tropical Forest Community Ecology W. P. Carson S. A. Schnitzer Eds. (Blackwell Publishing Oxford 2008) pp. 275–293.

5. Parent birds assess nest predation risk and adjust their reproductive strategies;Fontaine J. J.;Ecol. Lett.,2006

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