1. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia.
2. Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
3. Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062–1346, USA.
4. Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
5. Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, Stockholm SE-106 91 Sweden.
6. School of Marine Studies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands.
7. Centre for Research in Mathematics, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia.
8. Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian Institution, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA.
9. Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.