Cyanotriazoles are selective topoisomerase II poisons that rapidly cure trypanosome infections

Author:

Rao Srinivasa P. S.123ORCID,Gould Matthew K.4ORCID,Noeske Jonas2ORCID,Saldivia Manuel12ORCID,Jumani Rajiv S.12ORCID,Ng Pearly S.3ORCID,René Olivier12,Chen Yen-Liang123ORCID,Kaiser Marcel56ORCID,Ritchie Ryan4ORCID,Francisco Amanda Fortes7ORCID,Johnson Nila1,Patra Debjani12,Cheung Harry12,Deniston Colin8ORCID,Schenk Andreas D.9ORCID,Cortopassi Wilian A.2ORCID,Schmidt Remo S.56ORCID,Wiedemar Natalie56ORCID,Thomas Bryanna12,Palkar Rima1ORCID,Ghafar Nahdiyah A.3ORCID,Manoharan Vanessa3,Luu Catherine2ORCID,Gable Jonathan E.12,Wan Kah Fei3ORCID,Myburgh Elmarie10ORCID,Mottram Jeremy C.11ORCID,Barnes Whitney8ORCID,Walker John8ORCID,Wartchow Charles2ORCID,Aziz Natasha12ORCID,Osborne Colin12ORCID,Wagner Juergen39ORCID,Sarko Christopher12ORCID,Kelly John M.7ORCID,Manjunatha Ujjini H.123ORCID,Mäser Pascal56ORCID,Jiricek Jan13,Lakshminarayana Suresh B.123ORCID,Barrett Michael P.4ORCID,Diagana Thierry T.123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Emeryville, CA, USA.

2. Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA.

3. Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore.

4. College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

5. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.

6. Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

7. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

8. Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, San Diego, CA, USA.

9. Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.

10. York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK.

11. York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.

Abstract

Millions who live in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa are at risk of trypanosomatid infections, which cause Chagas disease and human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Improved HAT treatments are available, but Chagas disease therapies rely on two nitroheterocycles, which suffer from lengthy drug regimens and safety concerns that cause frequent treatment discontinuation. We performed phenotypic screening against trypanosomes and identified a class of cyanotriazoles (CTs) with potent trypanocidal activity both in vitro and in mouse models of Chagas disease and HAT. Cryo–electron microscopy approaches confirmed that CT compounds acted through selective, irreversible inhibition of trypanosomal topoisomerase II by stabilizing double-stranded DNA:enzyme cleavage complexes. These findings suggest a potential approach toward successful therapeutics for the treatment of Chagas disease.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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