A Process for Controlling Intracellular Bacterial Infections Induced by Membrane Injury

Abstract

Strategies for inhibiting phagolysosome fusion are essential for the intracellular survival and replication of many pathogens. We found that the lysosomal synaptotagmin Syt VII is required for a mechanism that promotes phagolysosomal fusion and limits the intracellular growth of pathogenic bacteria. Syt VII was required for a form of Ca 2+ -dependent phagolysosome fusion that is analogous to Ca 2+ -regulated exocytosis of lysosomes, which can be triggered by membrane injury. Bacterial type III secretion systems, which permeabilize membranes and cause Ca 2+ influx in mammalian cells, promote lysosomal exocytosis and inhibit intracellular survival in Syt VII +/+ but not –/– cells. Thus, the lysosomal repair response can also protect cells against pathogens that trigger membrane permeabilization.