Delayed Fracture of an Inhomogeneous Soft Solid-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Delayed Fracture of an Inhomogeneous Soft Solid

Published:1998-04-10 Issue:5361 Volume:280 Page:265-267
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Bonn Daniel¹²,Kellay Hamid¹²,Prochnow Michaël¹²,Ben-Djemiaa Karim¹²,Meunier Jacques¹²

Affiliation:

1. D. Bonn, M. Prochnow, K. Ben-Djemiaa, J. Meunier, Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.

2. H. Kellay, Centre de Physique Moléculaire Optique et Hertzienne, Université Bordeaux 1, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France.

Abstract

The spontaneous fracture of polymer gels was studied. Contrary to crystalline solids, where fracture usually happens instantaneously at a well-defined breaking strength, the fracture of a polymer gel can occur with a delay. When a constant force was applied, the cracks nucleated and started to propagate after a delay that can be as long as 15 minutes, depending on the force. This phenomenon can be understood by calculating the activation energy for crack nucleation in arbitrary dimension and accounting for the inhomogeneity of the gel network in terms of its fractal dimension.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference14 articles.

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3. Agarose type XII I-a and III-a (denoted as gels 1 2 and 3) from Sigma was dissolved at 1 weight % in water (Milli-Q-Plus) at 95°C by stirring. Subsequently the solution was poured into a mold and left for at least 2 hours at 20°C before use. For the three gels we found E = 75.2 46.1 and 50.6 kPa. For σ < 50 Pa or frequency f < 10 Hz the elastic or storage modulus G ′ = 22.8 14.6 and 15.6 kPa respectively. As expected for a gel Poisson's ratio ≈ 0.5. The ratio of G ′ and the viscous or loss modulus G " ( G ′/ G ") is between 10 and 13 for the three gels. Rheological measurements were performed on a Reologica Stress-Tech rheometer. For the fracture experiments a rectangular bar (100 mm × 20 mm × 10 mm) rested on a Teflon-coated surface greased with liquid Vaseline oil with its ends held in place by two aluminium rods. The middle flexion point moved on an air bearing and was coupled to a force transducer. A small amount of plastic deformation was observed for the largest forces; in the experiments the force was always kept constant. Plastic deformation due to aging was not observed in the experiments.

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