Affiliation:
1. Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Abstract
Electronic dynamics in liquids are of fundamental importance, but
time-resolved experiments have so far remained limited to the femtosecond time
scale. We report the extension of attosecond spectroscopy to the liquid phase. We
measured time delays of 50 to 70 attoseconds between the photoemission from liquid
water and that from gaseous water at photon energies of 21.7 to 31.0 electron
volts. These photoemission delays can be decomposed into a photoionization delay
sensitive to the local environment and a delay originating from electron
transport. In our experiments, the latter contribution is shown to be negligible.
By referencing liquid water to gaseous water, we isolated the effect of solvation
on the attosecond photoionization dynamics of water molecules. Our methods define
an approach to separating bound and unbound electron dynamics from the structural
response of the solvent.
Funder
European Research
Council
Swiss National
Science Foundation
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Cited by
70 articles.
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