Detecting Causality in Complex Ecosystems

Author:

Sugihara George1,May Robert2,Ye Hao1,Hsieh Chih-hao3,Deyle Ethan1,Fogarty Michael4,Munch Stephan5

Affiliation:

1. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

2. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.

3. Institute of Oceanography and Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.

4. Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

5. Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.

Abstract

Cause or Correlation? Three centuries ago, Bishop Berkeley's 1710 classic “A treatise on the nature of human knowledge,” first spelled out the “correlation vs. causation” dilemma. Sugihara et al. (p. 496 , published online 20 September) present an approach to this conundrum, and extend current discussions about causation to dynamic systems with weak to moderate coupling (such as ecosystems). The resulting method, convergent cross mapping can detect causal linkages between time series.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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