Role of Yersinia Murine Toxin in Survival of Yersinia pestis in the Midgut of the Flea Vector

Author:

Hinnebusch B. Joseph1,Rudolph Amy E.2,Cherepanov Peter3,Dixon Jack E.2,Schwan Tom G.1,Forsberg Åke3

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.

2. Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

3. Department of Medical Countermeasures, Swedish Defense Research Agency, S-901 82 Umeå, and Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.

Abstract

Transmission by flea bite is a relatively recent adaptation that distinguishes Yersinia pestis , the plague bacillus, from closely related enteric bacteria. Here, a plasmid-encoded phospholipase D (PLD), previously characterized as Yersinia murine toxin (Ymt), was shown to be required for survival of Y. pestis in the midgut of its principal vector, the rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis . Intracellular PLD activity appeared to protect Y. pestis from a cytotoxic digestion product of blood plasma in the flea gut. By enabling colonization of the flea midgut, acquisition of this PLD may have precipitated the transition of Y. pestis to obligate arthropod-borne transmission.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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