1. The greenhouse effect for CO2 was first calculated over 100 years ago by S. Arrhenius The London Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 41 237 (1896).
2. Houghton J. T. , et al., Ed. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change, the IPCC Scientific Assessment (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1990).
3. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 1995, The Science of Climate Change, Houghton J. T. , et al., Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1996).
4. Climate models are mathematically based models that attempt to calculate the climate its variability and its systematic changes on a first-principles basis. The fundamental equations solved are the conservation of mass momentum and energy. The interactions among the atmosphere ocean ice and land surface systems are calculated on rather widely separated computational points on Earth (typical spacings are 200 to 400 km in the horizontal and 1 to 3 km in the vertical).
5. Manabe S., Stouffer R. J., Nature364, 215 (1993);