A Cocoon of Freshly Accelerated Cosmic Rays Detected by Fermi in the Cygnus Superbubble-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

A Cocoon of Freshly Accelerated Cosmic Rays Detected by Fermi in the Cygnus Superbubble

Published:2011-11-25 Issue:6059 Volume:334 Page:1103-1107
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Ackermann M.¹,Ajello M.¹,Allafort A.¹,Baldini L.²,Ballet J.³,Barbiellini G.⁴⁵,Bastieri D.⁶⁷,Belfiore A.⁸,Bellazzini R.²,Berenji B.¹,Blandford R. D.¹,Bloom E. D.¹,Bonamente E.⁹¹⁰,Borgland A. W.¹,Bottacini E.¹,Brigida M.¹¹¹²,Bruel P.¹³,Buehler R.¹,Buson S.⁶⁷,Caliandro G. A.¹⁴,Cameron R. A.¹,Caraveo P. A.⁸,Casandjian J. M.³,Cecchi C.⁹¹⁰,Chekhtman A.¹⁵,Cheung C. C.¹⁶,Chiang J.¹,Ciprini S.¹⁰¹⁷,Claus R.¹,Cohen-Tanugi J.¹⁸,de Angelis A.¹⁹,de Palma F.¹¹¹²,Dermer C. D.²⁰,do Couto e Silva E.¹,Drell P. S.¹,Dumora D.²¹,Favuzzi C.¹¹¹²,Fegan S. J.¹³,Focke W. B.¹,Fortin P.¹³,Fukazawa Y.²²,Fusco P.¹¹¹²,Gargano F.¹²,Germani S.⁹¹⁰,Giglietto N.¹¹¹²,Giordano F.¹¹¹²,Giroletti M.²³,Glanzman T.¹,Godfrey G.¹,Grenier I. A.³²⁴,Guillemot L.²⁵,Guiriec S.²⁶,Hadasch D.¹⁴,Hanabata Y.²²,Harding A. K.²⁷,Hayashida M.¹,Hayashi K.²²,Hays E.²⁷,Jóhannesson G.²⁸,Johnson A. S.¹,Kamae T.¹,Katagiri H.²⁹,Kataoka J.³⁰,Kerr M.¹,Knödlseder J.³¹³²,Kuss M.²,Lande J.¹,Latronico L.²,Lee S.-H.³³,Longo F.⁴⁵,Loparco F.¹¹¹²,Lott B.²¹,Lovellette M. N.²⁰,Lubrano P.⁹¹⁰,Martin P.³⁴,Mazziotta M. N.¹²,McEnery J. E.²⁷³⁵,Mehault J.¹⁸,Michelson P. F.¹,Mitthumsiri W.¹,Mizuno T.²²,Monte C.¹¹¹²,Monzani M. E.¹,Morselli A.³⁶,Moskalenko I. V.¹,Murgia S.¹,Naumann-Godo M.³,Nolan P. L.¹,Norris J. P.³⁷,Nuss E.¹⁸,Ohsugi T.³⁸,Okumura A.¹³⁹,Orlando E.¹³⁴,Ormes J. F.⁴⁰,Ozaki M.³⁹,Paneque D.¹⁴¹,Parent D.⁴²,Pesce-Rollins M.²,Pierbattista M.³,Piron F.¹⁸,Pohl M.⁴³⁴⁴,Prokhorov D.¹,Rainò S.¹¹¹²,Rando R.⁶⁷,Razzano M.²,Reposeur T.²¹,Ritz S.⁴⁵,Parkinson P. M. Saz⁴⁵,Sgrò C.²,Siskind E. J.⁴⁶,Smith P. D.⁴⁷,Spinelli P.¹¹¹²,Strong A. W.³⁴,Takahashi H.³⁸,Tanaka T.¹,Thayer J. G.¹,Thayer J. B.¹,Thompson D. J.²⁷,Tibaldo L.³⁶⁷,Torres D. F.¹⁴⁴⁸,Tosti G.⁹¹⁰,Tramacere A.¹⁴⁹⁵⁰,Troja E.²⁸,Uchiyama Y.¹,Vandenbroucke J.¹,Vasileiou V.¹⁸,Vianello G.¹⁴⁹,Vitale V.³⁷⁵¹,Waite A. P.¹,Wang P.¹,Winer B. L.⁴⁷,Wood K. S.²⁰,Yang Z.⁵²⁵³,Zimmer S.⁵²⁵³,Bontemps S.⁵⁴

Affiliation:

1. W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

2. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.

3. Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.

4. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.

5. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.

6. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.

7. Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.

8. INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy.

9. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.

10. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.

11. Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy.

12. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.

13. Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France.

14. Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.

15. Artep Inc., 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, MD 21042, USA

16. National Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, USA.

17. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy.

18. Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France.

19. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.

20. Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375–5352, USA.

21. Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2p3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France.

22. Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

23. INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy.

24. Institut Universitaire de France, France.

25. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.

26. Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.

27. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

28. Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.

29. College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1, Bunkyo, Mito 310-8512, Japan.

30. Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.

31. CNRS, Research Institute in Astrophysics and Planetology (IRAP), F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France.

32. Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France.

33. Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

34. Max-Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany.

35. Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

36. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata”, I-00133 Roma, Italy.

37. Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.

38. Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

39. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan.

40. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA.

41. Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany.

42. Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.

43. Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.

44. Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

45. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

46. NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, NY 11560–1025, USA.

47. Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

48. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.

49. Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy.

50. INTEGRAL Science Data Centre, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland.

51. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, I-00133 Roma, Italy.

52. Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

53. The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

54. Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/INSU, Floirac cedex, France.

Abstract

Cosmic rays can be accelerated in the cavities carved by the stellar winds created by clusters of massive stars.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference65 articles.

1. Constraints on the Time Delay between Nucleosynthesis and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration from Observations of [TSUP]59[/TSUP]N[CLC]i[/CLC] and [TSUP]59[/TSUP]C[CLC]o[/CLC]

2. Cosmic‐Ray Neon, Wolf‐Rayet Stars, and the Superbubble Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays

3. The Superbubble Origin of22Ne in Cosmic Rays

4. The O Associations in the Solar Neighborhood

5. A model of particle acceleration to high energies by multiple supernova explosions in OB associations

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