Phytoplankton Community Structure and the Drawdown of Nutrients and CO 2 in the Southern Ocean-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Phytoplankton Community Structure and the Drawdown of Nutrients and CO 2 in the Southern Ocean

Published:1999-01-15 Issue:5400 Volume:283 Page:365-367
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Arrigo Kevin R.¹,Robinson Dale H.¹,Worthen Denise L.¹,Dunbar Robert B.¹,DiTullio Giacomo R.¹,VanWoert Michael¹,Lizotte Michael P.¹

Affiliation:

1. K. R. Arrigo, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 971.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. D. H. Robinson. Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Drive, Post Office Box 855, Tiburon, CA 94920–0855, USA. D. L. Worthen, Science Systems and Applications, Lanham, MD 20706, USA. R. B. Dunbar, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305–2115, USA. G. R. DiTullio, University of Charleston, Grice Marine Laboratory, 205...

Abstract

Data from recent oceanographic cruises show that phytoplankton community structure in the Ross Sea is related to mixed layer depth. Diatoms dominate in highly stratified waters, whereas Phaeocystis antarctica assemblages dominate where waters are more deeply mixed. The drawdown of both carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrate per mole of phosphate and the rate of new production by diatoms are much lower than that measured for P. antarctica . Consequently, the capacity of the biological community to draw down atmospheric CO 2 and transport it to the deep ocean could diminish dramatically if predicted increases in upper ocean stratification due to climate warming should occur.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference13 articles.

1. Simulated response of the ocean carbon cycle to anthropogenic climate warming

2. During the ROAVERRS cruise NBP96-6 108 hydrographic stations within the Ross Sea (from 163°E to 170°W and from 72°S to 78°S) were sampled aboard the research vessel Nathaniel B. Palmer between 16 December 1996 and 8 January 1997. At each station a rosette of 10-liter Bullister Bottles was used to collect water samples from between five and eight discrete depths within the upper 150 m of the water column. Subsamples were taken for quantification of phytoplankton pigments inorganic macronutrients particulate C and N and TDIC. The rosette also included instrumentation for measuring conductivity and temperature (Sea Bird Electronics) for determination of mixed layer depth [defined as the depth where density (σ t ) is 0.02 greater than surface values]. Suspended particles were collected by filtration of water samples through Whatman GF/F glass fiber filters for analysis of pigment composition and concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography with the method described in (9) as modified from (11). Inorganic macronutrient concentrations were determined on board ship with a Technicon AutoAnalyzer II system. Particulate organic C and particulate N samples were measured according to the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) protocols in. TDIC was measured by thermal conductivity analysis of CO 2 in a helium carrier gas stream after stripping within a bubbler system upon acidification. Water samples were collected from rosette bottles according to JGOFS gas sampling protocols. Analysis of replicate 5-ml aliquots was typically completed within several hours. The stripping procedure is similar to that commonly used for stable isotopic studies in which the separated CO 2 gas is quantitatively retained for shore-based isotopic analysis. In our modification we ported the effluent carrier gas and the CO 2 stream through a gas chromatograph with a thermal conductivity detector (modified Carlo-Erba series NA-1100). Standardization was done with Scripps Institution of Oceanography seawater standards supplied by A. Dickson. Based on replicate analyses our precision (1 SD) was 15 μM kg –1 or about 0.65%. TDIC drawdown in the upper water column during ROAVERRS cruise NBP96-6 ranged from 20 to 200 μM kg –1 or 1 to 9%.

3. Three marker pigments were used for determining distributions of the major phytoplankton taxa: fucoxanthin for diatoms 19′-hexanolyoxyfucoxanthin for haptophytes (primarily P. antarctica ) and alloxanthin for cryptophytes. In samples dominated by each of these phytoplankton taxa the molar ratio of the corresponding marker pigment to chlorophyll a was approximately 1:1. Therefore the relative abundance of each phytoplankton taxon in terms of chlorophyll a could be calculated as the marker pigment concentration divided by the sum of all three marker pigments. Taxonomic identifications were confirmed by microscopy.

4. K. R. Arrigo et al. data not shown.

5. S. Z. El-Sayed and G. A. Fryxell in Antarctic Microbiology E. I. Friedmann Ed. (Wiley-Liss New York 1993) pp. 65–122.

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