1. Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Marine Science Institute, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
2. Hopkins Marine Station Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
3. Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
4. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
5. Santa Fe Institute, Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
6. Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.