Gene Transfer from Bacteria and Archaea Facilitated Evolution of an Extremophilic Eukaryote

Author:

Schönknecht Gerald12,Chen Wei-Hua34,Ternes Chad M.1,Barbier Guillaume G.5,Shrestha Roshan P.5,Stanke Mario6,Bräutigam Andrea2,Baker Brett J.7,Banfield Jillian F.8,Garavito R. Michael9,Carr Kevin10,Wilkerson Curtis510,Rensing Stefan A.11,Gagneul David12,Dickenson Nicholas E.13,Oesterhelt Christine14,Lercher Martin J.315,Weber Andreas P. M.2515

Affiliation:

1. Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.

2. Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

3. Institute for Computer Science, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

4. European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

5. Department of Plant Biology, 612 Wilson Road, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

6. Institut für Mathematik und Informatik, Ernst Moritz Arndt Universität Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Straße 47, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.

7. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 4011 CC Little Building, 1100 North University Avenue, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

8. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720–4767, USA.

9. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 603 Wilson Road, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

10. Research Technology Support Facility, Plant Biology Laboratories, 612 Wilson Road, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

11. Faculty of Biology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.

12. UMR USTL-INRA 1281 "Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés," Université de Lille 1, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cédex, France.

13. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.

14. CyanoBiofuels GmbH, Magnusstrasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.

15. Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

Abstract

Hot, Toxic Eukaryote Unusually, the single-celled eukaryote red alga, Galdieria sulphuraria , can thrive in hot, acidic springs. This organism is endowed with extraordinary metabolic talents and can consume a variety of strange carbohydrates, as well as turn on photosynthesis when the food runs out. Schönknecht et al. (p. 1207 ; see the Perspective by Rocha ) discerned from phylogenetic analysis of its genome that during its evolution, G. sulphuraria appears to have commandeered at least 75 bacterial and archaeal genes by horizontal gene transfer and then applied gene expansion to boost its metabolic repertoire.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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