1. The current FY 2008 budget for NIH is $29.457 billion up by about $2.2 billion and 8% from the 2003 level; http://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/ui/2008/Summary%20of%20FY%202009%20Budget-Press%20Release.pdf.
2. The concepts of positive and negative feedback are commonly associated with the work of Norbert Weiner (3).
3. Norbert Weiner, Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1948).
4. “A broken pipeline? Flat funding of NIH puts a generation of science at risk ” from a collaborative consisting of Brown University Duke University Harvard University Ohio State University Partners Healthcare University of California at Los Angeles and Vanderbilt University March 2008; http://www.brokenpipeline.org/.
5. NIH in the Post-Doubling Era: Realities and Strategies