The Psychological Consequences of Money-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

The Psychological Consequences of Money

Published:2006-11-17 Issue:5802 Volume:314 Page:1154-1156
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Vohs Kathleen D.¹²³,Mead Nicole L.¹²³,Goode Miranda R.¹²³

Affiliation:

1. Department of Marketing, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, 3-150 321 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

2. Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahasse, FL 32306–4301, USA.

3. Marketing Division, Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada.

Abstract

Money has been said to change people's motivation (mainly for the better) and their behavior toward others (mainly for the worse). The results of nine experiments suggest that money brings about a self-sufficient orientation in which people prefer to be free of dependency and dependents. Reminders of money, relative to nonmoney reminders, led to reduced requests for help and reduced helpfulness toward others. Relative to participants primed with neutral concepts, participants primed with money preferred to play alone, work alone, and put more physical distance between themselves and a new acquaintance.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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4. The term self-sufficiency has been used in the psychological literature in two ways. One use (typically in research on recovery after injury) connotes a positive meaning of being free from needing others in order to effectively perform a task. The second use (typically in psychotherapy writings) takes on a discernibly negative meaning. Self-sufficiency in this case is considered a barrier to intimacy and is often seen in narcissistic personality disorders. Our use of the term incorporates both interpretations. We use self-sufficiency in part to suggest the autonomous agent who competently works toward personal goals as well as the socially insensitive narcissist. We use the term not to suggest a stable trait (as in previous writings) but rather to signify a transitory psychological state brought on by reminders of money.

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