Gamma-Ray Emission from the Shell of Supernova Remnant W44 Revealed by the Fermi LAT-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Gamma-Ray Emission from the Shell of Supernova Remnant W44 Revealed by the Fermi LAT

Published:2010-02-26 Issue:5969 Volume:327 Page:1103-1106
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Abdo A. A.¹,Ackermann M.²,Ajello M.²,Baldini L.³,Ballet J.⁴,Barbiellini G.⁵⁶,Baring M. G.⁷,Bastieri D.⁸⁹,Baughman B. M.¹⁰,Bechtol K.²,Bellazzini R.³,Berenji B.²,Blandford R. D.²,Bloom E. D.²,Bonamente E.¹¹¹²,Borgland A. W.²,Bregeon J.³,Brez A.³,Brigida M.¹³¹⁴,Bruel P.¹⁵,Burnett T. H.¹⁶,Buson S.⁹,Caliandro G. A.¹³¹⁴,Cameron R. A.²,Caraveo P. A.¹⁷,Casandjian J. M.⁴,Cecchi C.¹¹¹²,Çelik Ö.¹⁸¹⁹²⁰,Chekhtman A.¹²¹,Cheung C. C.¹⁸,Chiang J.²,Ciprini S.¹¹¹²,Claus R.²,Cognard I.²²,Cohen-Tanugi J.²³,Cominsky L. R.²⁴,Conrad J.²⁵²⁶,Cutini S.²⁷,Dermer C. D.¹,de Angelis A.²⁸,de Palma F.¹³¹⁴,Digel S. W.²,do Couto e Silva E.²,Drell P. S.²,Dubois R.²,Dumora D.²⁹³⁰,Espinoza C.³¹,Farnier C.²³,Favuzzi C.¹³¹⁴,Fegan S. J.¹⁵,Focke W. B.²,Fortin P.¹⁵,Frailis M.²⁸,Fukazawa Y.³²,Funk S.²,Fusco P.¹³¹⁴,Gargano F.¹⁴,Gasparrini D.²⁷,Gehrels N.¹⁸³³,Germani S.¹¹¹²,Giavitto G.³⁴,Giebels B.¹⁵,Giglietto N.¹³¹⁴,Giordano F.¹³¹⁴,Glanzman T.²,Godfrey G.²,Grenier I. A.⁴,Grondin M.-H.²⁹³⁰,Grove J. E.¹,Guillemot L.²⁹³⁰,Guiriec S.³⁵,Hanabata Y.³²,Harding A. K.¹⁸,Hayashida M.²,Hays E.¹⁸,Hughes R. E.¹⁰,Jackson M. S.²⁵²⁶³⁶,Jóhannesson G.²,Johnson A. S.²,Johnson T. J.¹⁸³³,Johnson W. N.¹,Kamae T.²,Katagiri H.³²,Kataoka J.³⁷³⁸,Katsuta J.³⁹⁴⁰,Kawai N.³⁷⁴¹,Kerr M.¹⁶,Knödlseder J.⁴²,Kocian M. L.²,Kramer M.³¹⁴³,Kuss M.³,Lande J.²,Latronico L.³,Lemoine-Goumard M.²⁹³⁰,Longo F.⁵⁶,Loparco F.¹³¹⁴,Lott B.²⁹³⁰,Lovellette M. N.¹,Lubrano P.¹¹¹²,Lyne A. G.³¹,Madejski G. M.²,Makeev A.¹²¹,Mazziotta M. N.¹⁴,McEnery J. E.¹⁸,Meurer C.²⁴²⁵,Michelson P. F.²,Mitthumsiri W.²,Mizuno T.³²,Monte C.¹³¹⁴,Monzani M. E.²,Morselli A.⁴⁴,Moskalenko I. V.²,Murgia S.²,Nakamori T.³⁷,Nolan P. L.²,Norris J. P.⁴⁵,Noutsos A.³¹,Nuss E.²³,Ohsugi T.³²,Omodei N.³,Orlando E.⁴⁶,Ormes J. F.⁴⁵,Paneque D.²,Parent D.²⁹³⁰,Pelassa V.²³,Pepe M.¹¹¹²,Pesce-Rollins M.³,Piron F.²³,Porter T. A.⁴⁷,Rainò S.¹³¹⁴,Rando R.⁸⁹,Razzano M.³,Reimer A.²⁴⁸,Reimer O.²⁴⁸,Reposeur T.²⁹³⁰,Rochester L. S.²,Rodriguez A. Y.⁴⁹,Romani R. W.²,Roth M.¹⁶,Ryde F.²⁶³⁶,Sadrozinski H. F.-W.⁴⁷,Sanchez D.¹⁵,Sander A.¹⁰,Parkinson P. M. Saz⁴⁷,Scargle J. D.⁵⁰,Sgrò C.³,Siskind E. J.⁵¹,Smith D. A.²⁹³⁰,Smith P. D.¹⁰,Spandre G.³,Spinelli P.¹³¹⁴,Stappers B. W.³¹,Stecker F. W.¹⁸,Strickman M. S.¹,Suson D. J.⁵²,Tajima H.²,Takahashi H.³²,Takahashi T.³⁹,Tanaka T.²,Thayer J. B.²,Thayer J. G.²,Theureau G.²²,Thompson D. J.¹⁸,Tibaldo L.⁴⁸⁹,Tibolla O.⁵³,Torres D. F.⁴⁹⁵⁴,Tosti G.¹¹¹²,Tramacere A.²⁵⁵,Uchiyama Y.²,Usher T. L.²,Vasileiou V.¹⁸¹⁹²⁰,Venter C.¹⁸⁵⁶,Vilchez N.⁴²,Vitale V.⁴⁴⁵⁷,Waite A. P.²,Wang P.²,Winer B. L.¹⁰,Wood K. S.¹,Yamazaki R.³²,Ylinen T.²⁶³⁶⁵⁸,Ziegler M.⁴⁷

Affiliation:

1. Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

2. W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

3. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, I–56127 Pisa, Italy.

4. Laboratoire Astrophysique Instrumentation Modélisation, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA)–Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers (IRFU)/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.

5. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I–34127 Trieste, Italy.

6. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I–34127 Trieste, Italy.

7. Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, MS–108, Post Office Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA.

8. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I–35131 Padova, Italy.

9. Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I–35131 Padova, Italy.

10. Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

11. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy.

12. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy.

13. Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I–70126 Bari, Italy.

14. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.

15. Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Palaiseau, France.

16. Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1560, USA.

17. Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), I–20133 Milano, Italy.

18. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

19. Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

20. University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.

21. George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.

22. Laboratoire de Physique et Chemie de l'Environnement (LPCE), LPCE UMR 6115 CNRS, F–45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France, and Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers (INSU), F–18330 Nançay, France.

23. Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France.

24. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928–3609, USA.

25. Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

26. The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

27. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I–00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy.

28. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I–33100 Udine, Italy.

29. Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan, France.

30. Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR 5797, Gradignan 33175, France.

31. Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

32. Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739–8526, Japan.

33. University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

34. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, and Università di Trieste, I–34127 Trieste, Italy.

35. University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.

36. Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

37. Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152–8551, Japan.

38. Waseda University, 1-104 Totsukamachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169–8050, Japan.

39. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229–8510, Japan.

40. Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan.

41. Cosmic Radiation Laboratory, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama 351–0198, Japan.

42. Centre d'Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), BP 44346, F–30128 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.

43. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.

44. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I–00133 Roma, Italy.

45. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA.

46. Max-Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany.

47. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

48. Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A–6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

49. Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.

50. Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035–1000, USA.

51. NYCB Real-Time Computing Incorporated, Lattingtown, NY 11560–1025, USA.

52. Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323–2094, USA.

53. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D–69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

54. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.

55. Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I–10133 Torino, Italy.

56. North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.

57. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I–00133 Roma, Italy.

58. School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, University of Kalmar, SE–391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.

Abstract

Supernova Remnant Observations The sources of the cosmic rays that bombard Earth have been mysterious, but more recent explanations invoke high-energy acceleration of protons by the remnants of stellar explosions. Using the Fermi Large Area Telescope, Abdo et al. (p. 1103 , published online 5 January) obtained an image of the supernova remnant W44, which shows associated gamma-ray emissions in the order of gigaelectronvolts, conforming with models indicating local proton and nuclei acceleration.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference33 articles.

1. Particle acceleration at astrophysical shocks: A theory of cosmic ray origin

2. Nonlinear theory of diffusive acceleration of particles by shock waves

3. Supernova Remnants at High Energy

4. High-energy particle acceleration in the shell of a supernova remnant

5. Primary particle acceleration above 100 TeV in the shell-type supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946 with deep HESS observations

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