Neuronal Activity Promotes Oligodendrogenesis and Adaptive Myelination in the Mammalian Brain

Author:

Gibson Erin M.1,Purger David12,Mount Christopher W.13,Goldstein Andrea K.1,Lin Grant L.13,Wood Lauren S.1,Inema Ingrid1,Miller Sarah E.1,Bieri Gregor3,Zuchero J. Bradley4,Barres Ben A.4,Woo Pamelyn J.1,Vogel Hannes5,Monje Michelle1

Affiliation:

1. Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

2. Graduate Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

3. Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

4. Departments of Neurobiology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

5. Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Abstract

On-Demand Activity Oligodendroglia ensheath axons in the brain with myelin, which provides the insulation that speeds up transmission of neuronal electrical impulses. The process of myelination in the human brain goes on for decades, concurrent with all manner of brain development and cognitive activity. Gibson et al. (p. 10.1126/science.1252304 , published online 10 April; see the Perspective by Bechler and ffrench-Constant ) used optogenetics to study myelination in response to neural activity. Electrical activity in the motor cortex of the brain of awake mice led to proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocytes and consequently increased myelination and alterations in motor response.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference58 articles.

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2. Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter tract evolution over the lifespan

3. Myelination of Cortical-hippocampal Relays During Late Adolescence

4. The quest for myelin in the adult brain

5. Proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells depends on electrical activity in axons

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