Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection rescues B and T cell responses to variants after first vaccine dose
Author:
Reynolds Catherine J.1ORCID, Pade Corinna2ORCID, Gibbons Joseph M.2ORCID, Butler David K.1ORCID, Otter Ashley D.3ORCID, Menacho Katia4ORCID, Fontana Marianna56ORCID, Smit Angelique5ORCID, Sackville-West Jane E.7ORCID, Cutino-Moguel Teresa4ORCID, Maini Mala K.8ORCID, Chain Benjamin8ORCID, Noursadeghi Mahdad8ORCID, Brooks Tim3ORCID, Semper Amanda3ORCID, Manisty Charlotte49ORCID, Treibel Thomas A.49ORCID, Moon James C.49ORCID, Valdes Ana M.1011ORCID, McKnight Áine2ORCID, Altmann Daniel M.12ORCID, Boyton Rosemary113ORCID, Abbass Hakam, Abiodun Aderonke, Alfarih Mashael, Alldis Zoe, Altmann Daniel M., Amin Oliver E., Andiapen Mervyn, Artico Jessica, Augusto João B., Baca Georgina L., Bailey Sasha N. L., Bhuva Anish N., Boulter Alex, Bowles Ruth, Boyton Rosemary J., Bracken Olivia V., O’Brien Ben, Brooks Tim, Bullock Natalie, Butler David K., Captur Gabriella, Champion Nicola, Chan Carmen, Chandran Aneesh, Collier David, Couto de Sousa Jorge, Couto-Parada Xose, Cutino-Moguel Teresa, Davies Rhodri H., Douglas Brooke, Di Genova Cecilia, Dieobi-Anene Keenan, Diniz Mariana O., Ellis Anaya, Feehan Karen, Finlay Malcolm, Fontana Marianna, Forooghi Nasim, Gaier Celia, Gibbons Joseph M., Gilroy Derek, Hamblin Matt, Harker Gabrielle, Hewson Jacqueline, Heywood Wendy, Hickling Lauren M., Hingorani Aroon D., Howes Lee, Hughes Alun, Hughes Gemma, Hughes Rebecca, Itua Ivie, Jardim Victor, Lee Wing-Yiu Jason, Jensen Melaniepetra, Jones Jessica, Jones Meleri, Joy George, Kapil Vikas, Kurdi Hibba, Lambourne Jonathan, Lin Kai-Min, Louth Sarah, Maini Mala K., Mandadapu Vineela, Manisty Charlotte, McKnight Áine, Menacho Katia, Mfuko Celina, Mills Kevin, Mitchelmore Oliver, Moon Christopher, Moon James C., Munoz-Sandoval Diana, Murray Sam M., Noursadeghi Mahdad, Otter Ashley, Pade Corinna, Palma Susana, Parker Ruth, Patel Kush, Pawarova Babita, Petersen Steffen E., Piniera Brian, Pieper Franziska P., Pope Daniel, Prossora Mary, Rannigan Lisa, Rapala Alicja, Reynolds Catherine J., Richards Amy, Robathan Matthew, Rosenheim Joshua, Sambile Genine, Schmidt Nathalie M., Semper Amanda, Seraphim Andreas, Simion Mihaela, Smit Angelique, Sugimoto Michelle, Swadling Leo, Taylor Stephen, Temperton Nigel, Thomas Stephen, Thornton George D., Treibel Thomas A., Tucker Art, Veerapen Jessry, Vijayakumar Mohit, Welch Sophie, Wodehouse Theresa, Wynne Lucinda, Zahedi Dan, Chain Benjamin, ,
Affiliation:
1. Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK. 2. Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. 3. National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK. 4. St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK. 5. Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. 6. Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK. 7. James Wigg Practice, Kentish Town, London, UK. 8. Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK. 9. Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK. 10. Academic Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. 11. NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. 12. Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK. 13. Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK.
Abstract
A boost from infection
During clinical trials of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines, no one who had survived infection with the virus was tested. A year after the pandemic was declared, vaccination of previously infected persons is a reality. Reynolds
et al.
address the knowledge gap in a cohort of UK health care workers given the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in which half of the participants had experienced natural virus infections early in the pandemic (see the Perspective by Crotty). Genotyping indicated that a genetic component underlies heterogeneity in immune responses to vaccine and to natural infection. After vaccination, naïve individuals developed antibody responses similar to those seen in naturally infected persons, but T cell responses were more limited and sometimes absent. However, antibody and memory responses in individuals vaccinated after infection were substantially boosted to the extent that a single vaccine dose is likely to protect against the more aggressive B.1.1.7 variant. It is possible that the messenger RNA vaccine has an adjuvant effect, biasing responses toward antibody generation.
Science
, abh1282, this issue p.
1418
; see also abj2258, p.
1392
Funder
Wellcome National Institute for Health Research Cancer Research UK University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust UCLH Biomedical Research Centre BHF Cystic Fibrosis Trust EU HORIZON UKRI Rosetrees Trust UK CRUK EU Horizon 2020
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Subject
Multidisciplinary
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