Brain activity of diving seals reveals short sleep cycles at depth

Author:

Kendall-Bar Jessica M.12ORCID,Williams Terrie M.2ORCID,Mukherji Ritika3ORCID,Lozano Daniel A.2ORCID,Pitman Julie K.4ORCID,Holser Rachel R.5ORCID,Keates Theresa6ORCID,Beltran Roxanne S.2ORCID,Robinson Patrick W.2ORCID,Crocker Daniel E.7ORCID,Adachi Taiki2ORCID,Lyamin Oleg I.89ORCID,Vyssotski Alexei L.10ORCID,Costa Daniel P.25ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.

2. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.

3. Department of Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

4. Sleep Health MD, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.

5. Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.

6. Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.

7. Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA.

8. Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

9. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia.

10. Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland.

Abstract

Sleep is a crucial part of the daily activity patterns of mammals. However, in marine species that spend months or entire lifetimes at sea, the location, timing, and duration of sleep may be constrained. To understand how marine mammals satisfy their daily sleep requirements while at sea, we monitored electroencephalographic activity in wild northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris ) diving in Monterey Bay, California. Brain-wave patterns showed that seals took short (less than 20 minutes) naps while diving (maximum depth 377 meters; 104 sleeping dives). Linking these patterns to accelerometry and the time-depth profiles of 334 free-ranging seals (514,406 sleeping dives) revealed a North Pacific sleepscape in which seals averaged only 2 hours of sleep per day for 7 months, rivaling the record for the least sleep among all mammals, which is currently held by the African elephant (about 2 hours per day).

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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