A Fossil Snake with Limbs

Author:

Tchernov Eitan1,Rieppel Olivier2,Zaher Hussam3,Polcyn Michael J.4,Jacobs Louis L.4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Evolution, Systematics, and Ecology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Berman-Lubin Buildings, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

2. Department of Geology, Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA.

3. Instituto de Biociencias, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, Travessa 14, Cidade Universitaria, 05508-900 Sao Paulo SP, Brazil.

4. Shuler Museum of Paleontology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA.

Abstract

A 95-million-year-old fossil snake from the Middle East documents the most extreme hindlimb development of any known member of that group, as it preserves the tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges. It is more complete than Pachyrhachis , a second fossil snake with hindlimbs that was recently portrayed to be basal to all other snakes. Phylogenetic analysis of the relationships of the new taxon, as well as reanalysis of Pachyrhachis , shows both to be related to macrostomatans, a group that includes relatively advanced snakes such as pythons, boas, and colubroids to the exclusion of more primitive snakes such as blindsnakes and pipesnakes.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference30 articles.

1. Polcyn M. G., Tchernov E., Jacobs L. L., Nat. Sci. Mus. Monogr. Tokyo 15, 259 (1999).

2. Haas G., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Ser. 4 1, 51 (1979).

3. ___, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Ser. 4 2, 87 (1980).

4. ___ in Aspects of Vertebrate History L. L. Jacobs Ed. (Museum of Northern Arizona Press Flagstaff AZ 1980) pp. 177–202.

5. A snake with legs from the marine Cretaceous of the Middle East

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