1. Lawyer numbers are the membership of the Section on Patents Trademarks and Copyright of the American Bar Association taken from the introductions to that Section's annual reports and for 1997 estimated from information on its Web site. Inflation-corrected overall research expenditures are from National Science Board Science and Engineering Indicators—1998 (National Science Foundation Arlington VA 1998).
2. Derived from a survey by the American Intellectual Property Law Association (AIPLA) Report of Economic Survey1999 (AIPLA Arlington VA 1999) tables 21 and 22.
3. Polaroid Corp. v. Eastman Kodak Co. 641 F. Supp. 828 (D. Mass. 1985).
4. Warshofsky F., The Patent Wars: The Battle to Own the World's Technology (Wiley, New York, 1994), p. 122, 123.
5. Hall B. Ham R. “The patent paradox revisited: Determinants of patenting in the U.S. semiconductor industry” (Working Paper 7062 National Bureau of Economic Research prepared for NBER Patent System and Innovation Conference 8 to 9 January 1999 San Diego; revised March 1999).