Past Temperatures Directly from the Greenland Ice Sheet

Author:

Dahl-Jensen D.1,Mosegaard K.1,Gundestrup N.1,Clow G. D.1,Johnsen S. J.1,Hansen A. W.1,Balling N.1

Affiliation:

1. D. Dahl-Jensen, K. Mosegaard, N. Gundestrup, S. J. Johnsen, A. W. Hansen, Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics, Department of Geophysics, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark. G. D. Clow, USGS-Climate Program, Box 25046, MS 980, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA. N. Balling, Department of Earth Sciences, Geophysical Laboratory, University of Aarhus, Finlandsgade 8, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.

Abstract

A Monte Carlo inverse method has been used on the temperature profiles measured down through the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) borehole, at the summit of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and the Dye 3 borehole 865 kilometers farther south. The result is a 50,000-year-long temperature history at GRIP and a 7000-year history at Dye 3. The Last Glacial Maximum, the Climatic Optimum, the Medieval Warmth, the Little Ice Age, and a warm period at 1930 A.D. are resolved from the GRIP reconstruction with the amplitudes –23 kelvin, +2.5 kelvin, +1 kelvin, –1 kelvin, and +0.5 kelvin, respectively. The Dye 3 temperature is similar to the GRIP history but has an amplitude 1.5 times larger, indicating higher climatic variability there. The calculated terrestrial heat flow density from the GRIP inversion is 51.3 milliwatts per square meter.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference46 articles.

1. Greenland Ice-Core Project (GRIP) members Nature 364 203 (1993).

2. W. Dansgaard et al. ibid. p. 218.

3. Gundestup N. S., Dahl-Jensen D., Johnsen S. J., Rossi A., Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 21, 399 (1993).

4. Clow G. D., Saltus R. W., Waddington E. D., J. Glaciol. 42, 576 (1996).

5. The deep borehole is located in a building and the liquid surface in the borehole is found at a depth of 40 m. The temperatures measured in the top 40 m are very disturbed so we used measurements from an air-filled shallow borehole (100 m) near the borehole.

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