1. Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
2. Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department for Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
3. Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
4. Zühlke Engineering Ltd., 80 Great Eastern Street, London EC2A 3JL, UK.
5. UK Health Security Agency, Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, London SW1P 3JR, UK.
6. School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.