1. The earliest Neolithic of southwest Asia is divided into the PPNA (8300 to 7600 B.C.) and the PPNB (7600 to 6000 B.C.) periods.
2. Kislev M. E., Nadel D., Carmi I., Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol.73, 161 (1992).
3. Plant remains from the PPNA levels at Jericho consist of fragmented grains of emmer and barley of undetermined wild or domesticated status dating to about 7500 B.C. [M. Hopf in Jericho K. Kenyon and T. A. Holland Eds. (British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem London 1983) vol. 5 pp. 576–621]. The only cereal remains at Netiv Hagdud (7700 to 7400 B.C.) are of wild barley [M. E. Kislev in An Early Neolithic Village in the Jordan Valley O. Bar-Yosef and A. Gopher Eds. (Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology Harvard Univ. Cambridge MA 1997) pp. 209–236]. Plant remains from the nearby site of Gilgal are unpublished and therefore of uncertain status.
4. van Zeist W., Bakker-Heeres J. A. H., Palaeohistoria24, 165 (1982).
5. Domesticated einkorn emmer and barley are reported from Cafer Höyük at 7500 BC [Moulins D. de Cah. Euphrate 7 191 (1993)] and from Abu Hureyra at 7700 B.C. (phase 2A);