Dust measurements in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko inbound to the Sun-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Dust measurements in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko inbound to the Sun

Published:2015-01-23 Issue:6220 Volume:347 Page:
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Rotundi Alessandra¹²,Sierks Holger³,Della Corte Vincenzo¹,Fulle Marco⁴,Gutierrez Pedro J.⁵,Lara Luisa⁵,Barbieri Cesare⁶,Lamy Philippe L.⁷,Rodrigo Rafael⁸⁹,Koschny Detlef¹⁰,Rickman Hans¹¹¹²,Keller Horst Uwe¹³,López-Moreno José J.⁵,Accolla Mario¹²,Agarwal Jessica³,A’Hearn Michael F.¹⁴,Altobelli Nicolas¹⁵,Angrilli Francesco¹⁶,Barucci M. Antonietta¹⁷,Bertaux Jean-Loup¹⁸,Bertini Ivano¹⁹,Bodewits Dennis¹⁴,Bussoletti Ezio²,Colangeli Luigi²⁰,Cosi Massimo²¹,Cremonese Gabriele²²,Crifo Jean-Francois¹⁸,Da Deppo Vania²³,Davidsson Björn¹¹,Debei Stefano¹⁶,De Cecco Mariolino²⁴,Esposito Francesca²⁵,Ferrari Marco¹²,Fornasier Sonia¹⁷,Giovane Frank²⁶,Gustafson Bo²⁷,Green Simon F.²⁸,Groussin Olivier⁷,Grün Eberhard²⁹,Güttler Carsten³,Herranz Miguel L.⁵,Hviid Stubbe F.³⁰,Ip Wing³¹,Ivanovski Stavro¹,Jerónimo José M.⁵,Jorda Laurent⁷,Knollenberg Joerg³⁰,Kramm Rainer³,Kührt Ekkehard³⁰,Küppers Michael¹⁵,Lazzarin Monica⁶,Leese Mark R.²⁸,López-Jiménez Antonio C.⁵,Lucarelli Francesca²,Lowry Stephen C.³²,Marzari Francesco³³,Epifani Elena Mazzotta²⁵,McDonnell J. Anthony M.²⁸³²³⁴,Mennella Vito²⁵,Michalik Harald³⁵,Molina Antonio³⁶,Morales Rafael⁵,Moreno Fernando⁵,Mottola Stefano³⁰,Naletto Giampiero³⁷,Oklay Nilda³,Ortiz José L.⁵,Palomba Ernesto¹,Palumbo Pasquale¹²,Perrin Jean-Marie¹⁸³⁸,Rodríguez Julio⁵,Sabau Lola³⁹,Snodgrass Colin³²⁸,Sordini Roberto¹,Thomas Nicolas⁴⁰,Tubiana Cecilia³,Vincent Jean-Baptiste³,Weissman Paul⁴¹,Wenzel Klaus-Peter¹⁰,Zakharov Vladimir¹⁷,Zarnecki John C.⁹²⁸

Affiliation:

1. Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 0133 Rome, Italy.

2. Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope,” Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, CDN IC4, 80143 Naples, Italy.

3. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg, 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

4. Osservatorio Astronomico, INAF, Via Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy.

5. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), P.O. Box 3008, 18080 Granada, Spain.

6. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Padova University, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy.

7. Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR 7326, CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, 13388 Marseille, France.

8. Centro de Astrobiologia (Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aerospacial–CSIC), 28691 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain.

9. International Space Science Institute, Hallerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.

10. Scientific Support Office, European Space Agency, 2201 Noordwijk, Netherlands.

11. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.

12. Polish Academy of Sciences Space Research Center, Bartycka 18A, PL-00716 Warszawa, Poland.

13. Institute for Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany.

14. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA.

15. European Space Agency (ESA)–European Space Astronomy Center (ESAC), Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spagna.

16. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Padova, via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.

17. Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris 06, Université Paris-Diderot, 5 place Johannes Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France.

18. Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, 11 boulevard d’Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France.

19. University of Padova, Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi e Attività Spaziali (CISAS), via Venezia 15, 35100 Padova, Italy.

20. ESA, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands.

21. Selex-ES, Via Albert Einstein, 35, 50013 Campi Bisenzio, Firenze, Italy.

22. Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, INAF, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy.

23. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche–Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie–Unità Operativa di Supporto Padova LUXOR, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy.

24. Università di Trento, via Mesiano, 77, 38100 Trento, Italy.

25. Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, INAF, Salita Moiariello, 16, 80133 Naples, Italy.

26. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

27. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

28. Planetary and Space Sciences, Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.

29. Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

30. Institute of Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.

31. Institute for Space Science, National Central University, 300 Chung Da Road, 32054 Chung-Li, Taiwan.

32. The University of Kent, School of Physical Sciences, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NZ, UK.

33. Department of Physics, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.

34. Unispacekent, Canterbury CT2 8EF, UK.

35. Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.

36. Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Avenida Severo Ochoa, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.

37. Department of Information Engineering, Padova University, via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy.

38. Observatoire de Haute Provence OSU Pythéas UMS 2244 CNRS-AMU, 04870 Saint Michel l’Observatoire, France.

39. Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir, p.k. 4, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.

40. Physikalisches Institut, Sidlerstrasse 5, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.

41. Planetary Science Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.

Abstract

Critical measurements for understanding accretion and the dust/gas ratio in the solar nebula, where planets were forming 4.5 billion years ago, are being obtained by the GIADA (Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator) experiment on the European Space Agency’s Rosetta spacecraft orbiting comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Between 3.6 and 3.4 astronomical units inbound, GIADA and OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System) detected 35 outflowing grains of mass 10 −10 to 10 −7 kilograms, and 48 grains of mass 10 −5 to 10 −2 kilograms, respectively. Combined with gas data from the MIRO (Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter) and ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis) instruments, we find a dust/gas mass ratio of 4 ± 2 averaged over the sunlit nucleus surface. A cloud of larger grains also encircles the nucleus in bound orbits from the previous perihelion. The largest orbiting clumps are meter-sized, confirming the dust/gas ratio of 3 inferred at perihelion from models of dust comae and trails.

Funder

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

California Institute of Technology

Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

Spanish Ministry of Education

Science Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencias

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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