Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines

Author:

O’Hanlon Simon J.12ORCID,Rieux Adrien3,Farrer Rhys A.1ORCID,Rosa Gonçalo M.245ORCID,Waldman Bruce6ORCID,Bataille Arnaud67ORCID,Kosch Tiffany A.68ORCID,Murray Kris A.1,Brankovics Balázs910ORCID,Fumagalli Matteo1112ORCID,Martin Michael D.1314ORCID,Wales Nathan14ORCID,Alvarado-Rybak Mario15,Bates Kieran A.12ORCID,Berger Lee8ORCID,Böll Susanne16ORCID,Brookes Lola2ORCID,Clare Frances12ORCID,Courtois Elodie A.17,Cunningham Andrew A.2ORCID,Doherty-Bone Thomas M.18ORCID,Ghosh Pria119,Gower David J.20ORCID,Hintz William E.21ORCID,Höglund Jacob22ORCID,Jenkinson Thomas S.23ORCID,Lin Chun-Fu24ORCID,Laurila Anssi22ORCID,Loyau Adeline2526,Martel An27,Meurling Sara22ORCID,Miaud Claude28,Minting Pete29ORCID,Pasmans Frank27,Schmeller Dirk S.2526ORCID,Schmidt Benedikt R.30ORCID,Shelton Jennifer M. G.1,Skerratt Lee F.8ORCID,Smith Freya231,Soto-Azat Claudio15ORCID,Spagnoletti Matteo12,Tessa Giulia32ORCID,Toledo Luís Felipe33ORCID,Valenzuela-Sánchez Andrés1534ORCID,Verster Ruhan19ORCID,Vörös Judit35ORCID,Webb Rebecca J.8,Wierzbicki Claudia1ORCID,Wombwell Emma2,Zamudio Kelly R.36ORCID,Aanensen David M.137ORCID,James Timothy Y.23,Gilbert M. Thomas P.1314ORCID,Weldon Ché19ORCID,Bosch Jaime38ORCID,Balloux François12ORCID,Garner Trenton W. J.21932ORCID,Fisher Matthew C.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.

2. Institute of Zoology, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.

3. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, 97410 St. Pierre, Reunion, France.

4. Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.

5. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.

6. Laboratory of Behavioral and Population Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.

7. CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France.

8. One Health Research Group, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.

9. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, Netherlands.

10. Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.

11. Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.

12. UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

13. Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Erling Skakkes gate 49, NO-7012 Trondheim, Norway.

14. Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.

15. Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 440, Santiago, Chile.

16. Agency for Population Ecology and Nature Conservancy, Gerbrunn, Germany.

17. Laboratoire Ecologie, Évolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), Université de Guyane, CNRS, IFREMER, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana.

18. Conservation Programmes, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK.

19. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Private Bag x6001, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.

20. Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.

21. Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada.

22. Department of Ecology and Genetics, EBC, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden.

23. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

24. Zoology Division, Endemic Species Research Institute, 1 Ming-shen East Road, Jiji, Nantou 552, Taiwan.

25. Department of Conservation Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.

26. EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.

27. Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.

28. PSL Research University, CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Montpellier, France.

29. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (ARC) Trust, Boscombe, Bournemouth, Dorset BH1 4AP, UK.

30. Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, and Info Fauna Karch, UniMail-Bâtiment G, Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

31. National Wildlife Management Centre, APHA, Woodchester Park, Gloucestershire GL10 3UJ, UK.

32. Non-profit Association Zirichiltaggi–Sardinia Wildlife Conservation, Strada Vicinale Filigheddu 62/C, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.

33. Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil.

34. ONG Ranita de Darwin, Nataniel Cox 152, Santiago, Chile.

35. Collection of Amphibians and Reptiles, Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Baross u. 13., 1088, Hungary.

36. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

37. Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridgeshire, UK.

38. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC c/ Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.

Abstract

Panzootic chytrid fungus out of Asia Species in the fungal genus Batrachochytrium are responsible for severe declines in the populations of amphibians globally. The sources of these pathogens have been uncertain. O'Hanlon et al. used genomics on a panel of more than 200 isolates to trace the source of the frog pathogen B. dendrobatidis to a hyperdiverse hotspot in the Korean peninsula (see the Perspective by Lips). Over the past century, the trade in amphibian species has accelerated, and now all lineages of B. dendrobatidis occur in traded amphibians; the fungus has become ubiquitous and is diversifying rapidly. Science , this issue p. 621 ; see also p. 604

Funder

Morris Animal Foundation

Conservation Leadership Programme

Natural Environment Research Council

Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Australian Research Council

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

FAPESP

European Research Council

National Research Foundation of Korea

FONDECYT

Royal Zoological Society of Scotland

Royal Geographical Society

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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