Fluids from Aging Ocean Crust That Support Microbial Life-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Fluids from Aging Ocean Crust That Support Microbial Life

Published:2003-01-03 Issue:5603 Volume:299 Page:120-123
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Cowen James P.¹,Giovannoni Stephen J.²,Kenig Fabien³,Johnson H. Paul⁴,Butterfield David⁵,Rappé Michael S.²,Hutnak Michael⁴,Lam Phyllis¹

Affiliation:

1. Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.

2. Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

3. Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.

4. School of Oceanography, Box 357940,

5. Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, Box 357941, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Abstract

Little is known about the potential for life in the vast, low-temperature (<100°C) reservoir of fluids within mid-ocean ridge flank and ocean basin crust. Recently, an overpressured 300-meter-deep borehole was fitted with an experimental seal (CORK) delivering crustal fluids to the sea floor for discrete and large-volume sampling and characterization. Results demonstrate that the 65°C fluids from 3.5-million-year-old ocean crust support microbial growth. Ribosomal RNA gene sequence data indicate the presence of diverse Bacteria and Archaea, including gene clones of varying degrees of relatedness to known nitrate reducers (with ammonia production), thermophilic sulfate reducers, and thermophilic fermentative heterotrophs, all consistent with fluid chemistry.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference25 articles.

1. Davis E. E., Becker K., Pettigrew T., Carson B., MacDonald B. R., Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Initial Rep. 139, 43 (1992).

2. Davis E. E., Becker K., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 172, 141 (1999).

3. Davis E. E., et al., Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Initial Rep. 168, 470 (1997).

4. A tidal periodicity (2 5) in the fluid discharge rate (∼4.4 to 5.4 liters min −1 ) was measured by the BioColumn differential-pressure flow meter during a 3-day deployment in summer 1997. The 1026B borehole pressure (>27 100 kPa) exceeds seafloor pressure (<27 045 kPa) and creates substantial outward leakage of crustal fluids from the CORK seal at the top of the borehole (2) resulting in a total (combined leakage and open valve) fluid discharge rate at the seafloor of ∼16 liters min −1 .

5. Becker K., Davis E. E., Fisher A. T., Eos 80, F931 (1999).

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