1. The Deposition of Calcite and Aragonite in Caves
2. Speleothem Evidence for Changes in Indian Summer Monsoon Precipitation over the Last ∼2300 Years
3. Railsback L. B., Brook G. A., Chen J., Kalin R., Fleisher C. J., J. Sediment. Res. A64, 147 (1994).
4. At present the collection areas in Hidden Cave (two stalagmites BC2 and BC4) and Bat Cave–Carlsbad Cavern (two stalagmites 89029 and 89037) are overall dry and inactive although we monitored some growth of calcite in Hidden Cave during the 1991–1992 El Niño season. Most of these small columnar stalagmites are currently dormant and may grow only during very wet years. Precipitation in the Carlsbad region is seasonal with most rainfall coming in the summer; enhanced winter amounts occur from El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)–dominated precipitation. The growth–no growth pattern of many of these small columnar stalagmites in these less humid cave zones therefore corresponds to wetter than and drier than current climate conditions respectively.
5. Wetter and cooler late Holocene climate in the southwestern United States from mites preserved in stalagmites