Perennial Antarctic Lake Ice: An Oasis for Life in a Polar Desert-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Perennial Antarctic Lake Ice: An Oasis for Life in a Polar Desert

Published:1998-06-26 Issue:5372 Volume:280 Page:2095-2098
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Priscu John C.¹²³⁴⁵,Fritsen Christian H.¹²³⁴⁵,Adams Edward E.¹²³⁴⁵,Giovannoni Stephen J.¹²³⁴⁵,Paerl Hans W.¹²³⁴⁵,McKay Christopher P.¹²³⁴⁵,Doran Peter T.¹²³⁴⁵,Gordon Douglas A.¹²³⁴⁵,Lanoil Brian D.¹²³⁴⁵,Pinckney James L.¹²³⁴⁵

Affiliation:

1. J. C. Priscu and C. H. Fritsen, Department of Biological Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.

2. E. E. Adams, Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.

3. S. J. Giovannoni, D. A. Gordon, B. D. Lanoil, Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

4. H. W. Paerl and J. L. Pinckney, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.

5. C. P. McKay, Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA.

Abstract

The permanent ice covers of Antarctic lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys develop liquid water inclusions in response to solar heating of internal aeolian-derived sediments. The ice sediment particles serve as nutrient (inorganic and organic)–enriched microzones for the establishment of a physiologically and ecologically complex microbial consortium capable of contemporaneous photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and decomposition. The consortium is capable of physically and chemically establishing and modifying a relatively nutrient- and organic matter–enriched microbial “oasis” embedded in the lake ice cover.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference23 articles.

1. McKay C. P., Clow G. D., Wharton R. A., Squyres S. W., Nature313, 561 (1985).

2. E. E. Adams J. C. Priscu C. H. Fritsen S. R Smith S. L. Brackman in Antarctic Research Series vol. 72 J. Priscu Ed. (American Geophysical Union Washington DC 1998) pp. 281–296.

3. C. H. Fritsen E. A. Adams C. P. McKay J. C. Priscu in ibid. pp. 269–280.

4. Cores were sectioned at 14- or 30-cm intervals, placed in bottles, and melted at 1° to 2°C. Cores for N2O analysis were melted in gas-tight bottles; N2O in the headspace gas was determined by gas chromatography (5). Subsamples of ice-core meltwater were filtered through Whatman GF/F filters that were extracted in cold dimethylsulfoxide:acetone:H2O solution (50:45:5 by volume) for 12 to 24 hours. Chlorophylla in the extracts was determined fluorometrically. Filtrate from the chlorophyll samples was analyzed for DIN and SRP [T. R. Parsons, Y. Maita, C. M. Lalli, Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis(Pergamon, New York, 1984)] and DOC (Ocean Instruments 700 carbon analyzer). Samples for bacterial enumeration were stained with acridine orange and counted by epifluorescent microscopy [Hobbie J. E., Daley R. J., Jasper S., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33, 1225 (1977)]. Remaining sediments were then dried (90°C for 24 hours) and weighed. Subsamples were removed from core meltwater and incubated with either 14C-labeled bicarbonate (8 μCi ml−1) or 3H-labeled thymidine (0.4 μCi ml−1) for photoautotrophic and bacterial activity measurement, respectively. Samples for photosynthetic activity were incubated for 20 hours at 1°C and 100 μmol of photons m−2 s−1 before filtration through Whatman GF/F filters. The activity on the filters, together with DIC concentration, obtained from infrared analysis of gas-sparged samples, was used to compute photosynthetic rates. Samples for bacterial activity were incubated with 20 nM thymidine for 20 hours at 1°C in the dark followed by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (5% final concentration); samples were filtered on 0.2-μm filters for determination of isotopic incorporation.

5. J. C. Priscu Global Change Biol. 3 301 (1997).

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