Crocodile Head Scales Are Not Developmental Units But Emerge from Physical Cracking-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Crocodile Head Scales Are Not Developmental Units But Emerge from Physical Cracking

Published:2013-01-04 Issue:6115 Volume:339 Page:78-81
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Milinkovitch Michel C.¹,Manukyan Liana¹,Debry Adrien¹,Di-Poï Nicolas¹,Martin Samuel²,Singh Daljit³,Lambert Dominique⁴,Zwicker Matthias³

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Artificial and Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Sciences III, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

2. La Ferme aux Crocodiles, Pierrelatte, France.

3. Computer Graphics Group, University of Bern, Switzerland.

4. Department of Mathematics and Namur Center for Complex Systems, University of Namur, Belgium.

Abstract

How the Crocodile Got Its Scales Mammalian hairs, avian feathers, and reptile scales differentiate and grow from genetically controlled units. Using three-dimensional (3D) computer graphics and computational biology to study scale generation, Milinkovitch et al. (p. 78 , published online 29 November; see the cover) show that crocodilians' face and jaw scales do not follow this rule but emerge by physical cracking of the developing skin in a tension field. Thus, a crocodile's head scales are not genetically controlled developmental units but are random polygonal domains of keratinized skin that are generated from a self-organizing physical process.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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