Reductive Dechlorination of DDE to DDMU in Marine Sediment Microcosms

Author:

Quensen John F.123,Mueller Sherry A.123,Jain Mahendra K.123,Tiedje James M.123

Affiliation:

1. J. F. Quensen III, MBI International, 3900 Collins Road, Post Office Box 27609, Lansing, MI 48909–0609, and Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

2. S. A. Mueller and M. K. Jain, MBI International, 3900 Collins Road, Post Office Box 27609, Lansing, MI 48909–0609, USA.

3. J. M. Tiedje, Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

Abstract

DDT is reductively dechlorinated to DDD and dehydrochlorinated to DDE; it has been thought that DDE is not degraded further in the environment. Laboratory experiments with DDE-containing marine sediments showed that DDE is dechlorinated to DDMU in both methanogenic and sulfidogenic microcosms and that DDD is dehydrochlorinated to DDMU three orders of magnitude more slowly. Thus, DDD does not appear to be an important precursor of the DDMU found in these sediments. These results imply that remediation decisions and risk assessments based on the recalcitrance of DDE in marine and estuarine sediments should be reevaluated.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference14 articles.

1. Environmental Health Criteria 9: DDT and Its Derivatives (World Health Organization Geneva 1979).

2. H. Lee The Distribution and Character of Contaminated Effluent-Affected Sediment Palos Verdes Margin Southern California Expert Report (U.S. Geological Survey Washington DC 1994).

3. Niedoroda A. W., Swift D. J. P., Reed C. W., Stull J. K., Sci. Total Environ.179, 109 (1996).

4. DDE is generally considered more refractory than DDD and is shown as a terminal product in most biodegradation schemes in the literature [M. L. Rochkind and J. W. Blackburn, inMicrobial Decomposition of Chlorinated Compounds(EPA/600/2-86/090, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1986), pp. 138–145]. Degradation of DDD tends to be slow, especially in aerobic soils, but its anaerobic degradation through DDMU [1-chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] to DBP (p,p′-dichlorobenzophenone) has been established for certain microbial cultures [Wedemeyer G., Appl. Microbiol. 15, 569 (1967)].

5. E. J. List R. G. Dean P. H. Santschi Erosion of the Palos Verdes Sediments report submitted to Palos Verdes Shelf Technical Advisory Committee U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1997).

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