Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices

Published:2022-01-28 Issue:6579 Volume:375 Page:430-433
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Berdyugin Alexey I.¹²^ORCID,Xin Na¹²^ORCID,Gao Haoyang³^ORCID,Slizovskiy Sergey¹²^ORCID,Dong Zhiyu³,Bhattacharjee Shubhadeep¹²^ORCID,Kumaravadivel P.¹²^ORCID,Xu Shuigang¹²^ORCID,Ponomarenko L. A.¹⁴^ORCID,Holwill Matthew¹²^ORCID,Bandurin D. A.¹²^ORCID,Kim Minsoo¹²^ORCID,Cao Yang¹²^ORCID,Greenaway M. T.⁵⁶^ORCID,Novoselov K. S.²^ORCID,Grigorieva I. V.¹^ORCID,Watanabe K.⁷^ORCID,Taniguchi T.⁸^ORCID,Fal’ko V. I.¹²⁹^ORCID,Levitov L. S.³^ORCID,Kumar Roshan Krishna¹²¹⁰^ORCID,Geim A. K.¹²^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

2. National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

4. Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK.

5. Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.

6. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.

7. Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.

8. International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.

9. Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

10. Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques (ICFO), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.

Abstract

In thermodynamic equilibrium, current in metallic systems is carried by electronic states near the Fermi energy, whereas the filled bands underneath contribute little to conduction. Here, we describe a very different regime in which carrier distribution in graphene and its superlattices is shifted so far from equilibrium that the filled bands start playing an essential role, leading to a critical-current behavior. The criticalities develop upon the velocity of electron flow reaching the Fermi velocity. Key signatures of the out-of-equilibrium state are current-voltage characteristics that resemble those of superconductors, sharp peaks in differential resistance, sign reversal of the Hall effect, and a marked anomaly caused by the Schwinger-like production of hot electron-hole plasma. The observed behavior is expected to be common to all graphene-based superlattices.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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