Why whales are big but not bigger: Physiological drivers and ecological limits in the age of ocean giants

Author:

Goldbogen J. A.1ORCID,Cade D. E.1ORCID,Wisniewska D. M.1ORCID,Potvin J.2ORCID,Segre P. S.1ORCID,Savoca M. S.1ORCID,Hazen E. L.134ORCID,Czapanskiy M. F.1ORCID,Kahane-Rapport S. R.1ORCID,DeRuiter S. L.5ORCID,Gero S.6ORCID,Tønnesen P.6ORCID,Gough W. T.1ORCID,Hanson M. B.7,Holt M. M.7ORCID,Jensen F. H.8ORCID,Simon M.9ORCID,Stimpert A. K.10ORCID,Arranz P.11,Johnston D. W.12ORCID,Nowacek D. P.13ORCID,Parks S. E.14ORCID,Visser F.151617ORCID,Friedlaender A. S.4,Tyack P. L.18ORCID,Madsen P. T.619ORCID,Pyenson N. D.2021ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.

2. Department of Physics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.

3. Environmental Research Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA.

4. Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.

5. Mathematics and Statistics Department, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.

6. Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

7. Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA.

8. Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.

9. Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland.

10. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, USA.

11. Biodiversity, Marine Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Animal Biology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.

12. Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC, USA.

13. Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

14. Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

15. Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, IBED, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

16. Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.

17. Kelp Marine Research, Hoorn, Netherlands.

18. Sea Mammal Research Unit, School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.

19. Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.

20. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA.

21. Department of Paleontology and Geology, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA, USA.

Abstract

It's the prey that matters Although many people think of dinosaurs as being the largest creatures to have lived on Earth, the true largest known animal is still here today—the blue whale. How whales were able to become so large has long been of interest. Goldbogen et al. used field-collected data on feeding and diving events across different types of whales to calculate rates of energy gain (see the Perspective by Williams). They found that increased body size facilitates increased prey capture. Furthermore, body-size increase in the marine environment appears to be limited only by prey availability. Science , this issue p. 1367 ; see also p. 1316

Funder

National Science Foundation

Office of Naval Research

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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