The drivers and impacts of Amazon forest degradation-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

The drivers and impacts of Amazon forest degradation

Published:2023-01-27 Issue:6630 Volume:379 Page:
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Lapola David M.¹^ORCID,Pinho Patricia²^ORCID,Barlow Jos³^ORCID,Aragão Luiz E. O. C.⁴⁵^ORCID,Berenguer Erika³⁶^ORCID,Carmenta Rachel⁷^ORCID,Liddy Hannah M.⁸⁹^ORCID,Seixas Hugo¹,Silva Camila V. J.²³¹⁰^ORCID,Silva-Junior Celso H. L.¹¹¹²¹³^ORCID,Alencar Ane A. C.²^ORCID,Anderson Liana O.¹⁴^ORCID,Armenteras Dolors¹⁵^ORCID,Brovkin Victor¹⁶^ORCID,Calders Kim¹⁷¹⁸^ORCID,Chambers Jeffrey¹⁹^ORCID,Chini Louise²⁰^ORCID,Costa Marcos H.²¹^ORCID,Faria Bruno L.²²^ORCID,Fearnside Philip M.²³^ORCID,Ferreira Joice²⁴^ORCID,Gatti Luciana⁴^ORCID,Gutierrez-Velez Victor Hugo²⁵^ORCID,Han Zhangang²⁶,Hibbard Kathleen²⁷,Koven Charles¹⁹^ORCID,Lawrence Peter²⁸^ORCID,Pongratz Julia¹⁶²⁹^ORCID,Portela Bruno T. T.²³^ORCID,Rounsevell Mark³⁰³¹^ORCID,Ruane Alex C.⁹^ORCID,Schaldach Rüdiger³²^ORCID,da Silva Sonaira S.³³^ORCID,von Randow Celso⁴^ORCID,Walker Wayne S.³⁴^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratório de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre – LabTerra, Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas à Agricultura - CEPAGRI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.

2. Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais da Amazônia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.

3. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.

4. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.

5. Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.

6. Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

7. University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.

8. Columbia Climate School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

9. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA.

10. BeZero Carbon Ltd, London, UK.

11. Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

12. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

13. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil.

14. Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.

15. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.

16. Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany.

17. Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Belgium.

18. School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.

19. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.

20. University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

21. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.

22. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.

23. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil.

24. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Belém, PA, Brazil.

25. Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

26. Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

27. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA.

28. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA.

29. Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

30. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.

31. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

32. University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany.

33. Universidade Federal do Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, Brazil.

34. Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA.

Abstract

Approximately 2.5 × 10 6 square kilometers of the Amazon forest are currently degraded by fire, edge effects, timber extraction, and/or extreme drought, representing 38% of all remaining forests in the region. Carbon emissions from this degradation total up to 0.2 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year −1 ), which is equivalent to, if not greater than, the emissions from Amazon deforestation (0.06 to 0.21 Pg C year −1 ). Amazon forest degradation can reduce dry-season evapotranspiration by up to 34% and cause as much biodiversity loss as deforestation in human-modified landscapes, generating uneven socioeconomic burdens, mainly to forest dwellers. Projections indicate that degradation will remain a dominant source of carbon emissions independent of deforestation rates. Policies to tackle degradation should be integrated with efforts to curb deforestation and complemented with innovative measures addressing the disturbances that degrade the Amazon forest.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Link

https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.abp8622

Reference129 articles.

1. Tropical Forests in the Anthropocene

2. Global land change from 1982 to 2016

3. Slowing Amazon deforestation through public policy and interventions in beef and soy supply chains

4. Boom-and-Bust Development Patterns Across the Amazon Deforestation Frontier

5. Proximate Causes and Underlying Driving Forces of Tropical Deforestation

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