Fire and grass-bedding construction 200 thousand years ago at Border Cave, South Africa

Author:

Wadley Lyn1ORCID,Esteban Irene12ORCID,de la Peña Paloma1ORCID,Wojcieszak Marine13ORCID,Stratford Dominic4ORCID,Lennox Sandra1ORCID,d’Errico Francesco56ORCID,Rosso Daniela Eugenia78ORCID,Orange François9,Backwell Lucinda110ORCID,Sievers Christine4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2001, Johannesburg, South Africa.

2. African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape 6031, South Africa.

3. Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, Jubelpark 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.

4. Archaeology Division, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2001, Johannesburg, South Africa.

5. PACEA UMR 5199, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France.

6. SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), University of Bergen, Øysteinsgate 3, 5020 Bergen, Norway.

7. CNRS - CEPAM UMR 7264, Université Côte d’Azur, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06300 Nice, France.

8. Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento degli Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.

9. Université Côte d’Azur, Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée (CCMA), 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.

10. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales (ISES-CONICET), San Lorenzo 429, San Miguel de Tucumán, CP4000, Tucumán, Argentina.

Abstract

Early plant use is seldom described in the archaeological record because of poor preservation. We report the discovery of grass bedding used to create comfortable areas for sleeping and working by people who lived in Border Cave at least 200,000 years ago. Sheaves of grass belonging to the broad-leafed Panicoideae subfamily were placed near the back of the cave on ash layers that were often remnants of bedding burned for site maintenance. This strategy is one forerunner of more-complex behavior that is archaeologically discernible from ~100,000 years ago.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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