Reactivation of the Paternal X Chromosome in Early Mouse Embryos

Author:

Mak Winifred123,Nesterova Tatyana B.123,de Napoles Mariana123,Appanah Ruth123,Yamanaka Shinya123,Otte Arie P.123,Brockdorff Neil123

Affiliation:

1. X inactivation group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, ICSM, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.

2. Laboratory of Animal Molecular Technology, Research and Education Center for Genetic information, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.

3. Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidergracht 12, 1018 TV Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Abstract

It is generally accepted that paternally imprinted X inactivation occurs exclusively in extraembryonic lineages of mouse embryos, whereas cells of the embryo proper, derived from the inner cell mass (ICM), undergo only random X inactivation. Here we show that imprinted X inactivation, in fact, occurs in all cells of early embryos and that the paternal X is then selectively reactivated in cells allocated to the ICM. This contrasts with more differentiated cell types where X inactivation is highly stable and generally irreversible. Our observations illustrate that an important component of genome plasticity in early development is the capacity to reverse heritable gene silencing decisions.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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