Changing fitness effects of mutations through long-term bacterial evolution

Author:

Couce Alejandro123ORCID,Limdi Anurag4ORCID,Magnan Melanie1ORCID,Owen Siân V.4ORCID,Herren Cristina M.45ORCID,Lenski Richard E.67ORCID,Tenaillon Olivier18ORCID,Baym Michael4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, F-75018 Paris, France.

2. Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.

3. Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain.

4. Department of Biomedical Informatics, and Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

5. Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

6. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

7. Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

8. Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France.

Abstract

The distribution of fitness effects of new mutations shapes evolution, but it is challenging to observe how it changes as organisms adapt. Using Escherichia coli lineages spanning 50,000 generations of evolution, we quantify the fitness effects of insertion mutations in every gene. Macroscopically, the fraction of deleterious mutations changed little over time whereas the beneficial tail declined sharply, approaching an exponential distribution. Microscopically, changes in individual gene essentiality and deleterious effects often occurred in parallel; altered essentiality is only partly explained by structural variation. The identity and effect sizes of beneficial mutations changed rapidly over time, but many targets of selection remained predictable because of the importance of loss-of-function mutations. Taken together, these results reveal the dynamic—but statistically predictable—nature of mutational fitness effects.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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