The Geological Record of Ocean Acidification

Author:

Hönisch Bärbel1,Ridgwell Andy2,Schmidt Daniela N.3,Thomas Ellen45,Gibbs Samantha J.6,Sluijs Appy7,Zeebe Richard8,Kump Lee9,Martindale Rowan C.10,Greene Sarah E.210,Kiessling Wolfgang11,Ries Justin12,Zachos James C.13,Royer Dana L.5,Barker Stephen14,Marchitto Thomas M.15,Moyer Ryan16,Pelejero Carles17,Ziveri Patrizia1819,Foster Gavin L.6,Williams Branwen20

Affiliation:

1. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.

2. School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK.

3. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK.

4. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

5. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA.

6. Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.

7. Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands.

8. School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.

9. Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

10. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.

11. Museum für Naturkunde at Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany.

12. Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

13. Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

14. School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.

15. Department of Geological Sciences and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.

16. University of South Florida St. Petersburg, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Geography, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.

17. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats and Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

18. Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 01893 Barcelona, Spain.

19. Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.

20. W. M. Keck Science Department of Claremont McKenna College, Pitzer College, and Scripps College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.

Abstract

Acid History As human activity continues to pump nearly 50-fold more CO 2 into the atmosphere than any existing natural sources, the oceans absorb it. Over time, this vast quantity of excess oceanic CO 2 is expected to decrease oceanic pH and have marked effects on calcifying marine species. Looking to the past for records of the consequences, other instances of ocean acidification in geologic history caused by large natural events, such as volcanism, may help predict the oceans' response to contemporary CO 2 levels. Hönisch et al. (p. 1058 ) review the geological events that potentially altered oceanic pH, from the last deglaciation to the largest mass extinction in Earth's history. The current rate of anthropogenic CO 2 input into the oceans is much faster than at any other instance in the past, but yet it is unclear whether or not future ocean pH will be significantly affected.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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