Net-zero emissions energy systems

Author:

Davis Steven J.12ORCID,Lewis Nathan S.3ORCID,Shaner Matthew4ORCID,Aggarwal Sonia5,Arent Doug67ORCID,Azevedo Inês L.8,Benson Sally M.91011ORCID,Bradley Thomas12ORCID,Brouwer Jack1314,Chiang Yet-Ming15ORCID,Clack Christopher T. M.16,Cohen Armond17,Doig Stephen18,Edmonds Jae19ORCID,Fennell Paul2021ORCID,Field Christopher B.22ORCID,Hannegan Bryan23ORCID,Hodge Bri-Mathias62425ORCID,Hoffert Martin I.26,Ingersoll Eric27ORCID,Jaramillo Paulina8ORCID,Lackner Klaus S.28ORCID,Mach Katharine J.29,Mastrandrea Michael4,Ogden Joan30ORCID,Peterson Per F.31,Sanchez Daniel L.32ORCID,Sperling Daniel33,Stagner Joseph34ORCID,Trancik Jessika E.3536,Yang Chi-Jen37ORCID,Caldeira Ken32

Affiliation:

1. Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

3. Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

4. Near Zero, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA.

5. Energy Innovation, San Francisco, CA, USA.

6. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA.

7. Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis, Golden, CO, USA.

8. Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

9. Global Climate and Energy Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

10. Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

11. Department of Energy Resource Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

12. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

13. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

14. Advanced Power and Energy Program, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.

15. Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

16. Vibrant Clean Energy, Boulder, CO, USA.

17. Clean Air Task Force, Boston, MA, USA.

18. Rocky Mountain Institute, Boulder, CO, USA.

19. Pacific National Northwestern Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA.

20. Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.

21. Joint Bioenergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, USA.

22. Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

23. Holy Cross Energy, Glenwood Springs, CO, USA.

24. Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.

25. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.

26. Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA.

27. Lucid Strategy, Cambridge, MA, USA.

28. The Center for Negative Carbon Emissions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.

29. Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

30. Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

31. Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

32. Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA.

33. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

34. Department of Sustainability and Energy Management, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

35. Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

36. Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.

37. Independent researcher.

Abstract

Path to zero carbon emissions Models show that to avert dangerous levels of climate change, global carbon dioxide emissions must fall to zero later this century. Most of these emissions arise from energy use. Davis et al. review what it would take to achieve decarbonization of the energy system. Some parts of the energy system are particularly difficult to decarbonize, including aviation, long-distance transport, steel and cement production, and provision of a reliable electricity supply. Current technologies and pathways show promise, but integration of now-discrete energy sectors and industrial processes is vital to achieve minimal emissions. Science , this issue p. eaas9793

Funder

National Science Foundation

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Fund for Innovative Climate and Energy Research

Heising-Simons Foundation

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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